{"id":6475,"date":"2020-01-25T13:32:49","date_gmt":"2020-01-25T12:32:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/federicogiardina.com\/the-knee\/"},"modified":"2025-07-29T13:58:55","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T11:58:55","slug":"the-knee","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/federicogiardina.com\/en\/the-knee\/","title":{"rendered":"The Knee"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>knee<\/strong> is one of the strongest joints in the human body.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">anatomy of the knee<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This important joint is formed by the meeting of three bones: the <strong>femur<\/strong>, <strong>tibia<\/strong>, and <strong>patella<\/strong>. Surrounding the bony structures is a thin layer of <strong>cartilage<\/strong> that prevents friction and makes movement smooth. The knee has many ligaments that constrain its movement, including the <strong>anterior cruciate ligament<\/strong>. In addition, between the femur and tibia, the <strong>meniscus<\/strong> (a fibrocartilaginous structure) prevents contact between the bones during strenuous physical activities.     <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Anatomia-del-ginocchio-senza-titolo.png?fit=700%2C394&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Anatomia-del-ginocchio-senza-titolo.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Anatomia-del-ginocchio-senza-titolo.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Anatomia-del-ginocchio-senza-titolo.png?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Anatomia-del-ginocchio-senza-titolo.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Anatomia-del-ginocchio-senza-titolo.png?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Anatomia-del-ginocchio-senza-titolo.png?resize=700%2C394&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Anatomia-del-ginocchio-senza-titolo.png?resize=711%2C400&amp;ssl=1 711w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Anatomia-del-ginocchio-senza-titolo.png?w=1400&amp;ssl=1 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The knee, surrounded by the quadriceps and flexor muscles, is the joint that takes charge of our body&#8217;s forward thrust and is absolutely essential for performing daily activities, from simply standing upright to running.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">traumatic injuries<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sometimes, however, trauma, often in sports, can impair knee function. They are divided into two major groups that may or may not be associated with each other: ligamentous injuries and meniscal injuries. <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/federicogiardina.com\/en\/?page_id=6425\">LIGAMENT INJURIES<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are frequently due to distortive trauma (with direct or indirect mechanism) and may be associated with meniscal or cartilage injuries. They are frequently due to contact sports (soccer, basketball) or characterized by changes in direction (skiing, volleyball, tennis). <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_8843.png?resize=480%2C333&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-667\" width=\"480\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_8843.png?w=960&amp;ssl=1 960w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_8843.png?resize=300%2C208&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_8843.png?resize=768%2C533&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_8843.png?resize=700%2C486&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/IMG_8843.png?resize=577%2C400&amp;ssl=1 577w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/federicogiardina.com\/en\/?page_id=6424\"><strong>MENISCUS INJURIES<\/strong><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meniscal pathologies are often traumatic in nature but can also be degenerative in nature: while the former mainly affect those under 40 years of age, the latter affect Patients over 50 years of age.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Traumatic meniscal injuries result from major trauma combining flexion, torsion, and compression. The most frequently affected anatomical portion is the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tibia-e-menischi-modificati.png?fit=700%2C657&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1369\" width=\"350\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tibia-e-menischi-modificati.png?w=1080&amp;ssl=1 1080w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tibia-e-menischi-modificati.png?resize=300%2C282&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tibia-e-menischi-modificati.png?resize=1024%2C961&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tibia-e-menischi-modificati.png?resize=768%2C721&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tibia-e-menischi-modificati.png?resize=700%2C657&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tibia-e-menischi-modificati.png?resize=426%2C400&amp;ssl=1 426w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Degenerative meniscal injuries affect people over 45-50 years of age, the trauma is usually minor (if present), and they tend to be complex injuries of the body and posterior horn of the medial meniscus.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">degenerative diseases<\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Degenerative pathologies concern the wear and tear of knee cartilage that occurs primarily physiologically with the passage of years, i.e., age progressively consumes this natural joint surface<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When<strong>cartilage wear<\/strong> and tear begins to create pain and altered function, we are facing<a href=\"https:\/\/federicogiardina.com\/en\/?page_id=6406\"><strong>Knee Arthrosis<\/strong><\/a>, and it is possible to intervene with:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/federicogiardina.com\/en\/?page_id=6451\">THE CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMY OF THE KNEE<\/a><\/strong> which involves surgical correction of the loading axis of the diseased knee. Alteration of the loading axis can in fact create asymmetrical consumption of the inner compartment of the knee (Knee VARUS) or the outer compartment of the knee (Knee VALGUS). <\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ginocchia-vare-e-valghe.001.png?resize=432%2C492&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1377\" width=\"432\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ginocchia-vare-e-valghe.001.png?w=864&amp;ssl=1 864w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ginocchia-vare-e-valghe.001.png?resize=263%2C300&amp;ssl=1 263w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ginocchia-vare-e-valghe.001.png?resize=768%2C875&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ginocchia-vare-e-valghe.001.png?resize=700%2C797&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ginocchia-vare-e-valghe.001.png?resize=351%2C400&amp;ssl=1 351w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/federicogiardina.com\/en\/?page_id=6466\"><strong>MENISCUS TRANSPLANTATION.<\/strong><\/a>, may be helpful in slowing cartilage wear and tear in cases where the meniscus has been previously removed for a traumatic injury.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1563\" height=\"656\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Trapianto-di-Menisco-1.png?fit=700%2C294&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Trapianto-di-Menisco-1.png?w=1563&amp;ssl=1 1563w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Trapianto-di-Menisco-1.png?resize=300%2C126&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Trapianto-di-Menisco-1.png?resize=1024%2C430&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Trapianto-di-Menisco-1.png?resize=768%2C322&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Trapianto-di-Menisco-1.png?resize=1536%2C645&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Trapianto-di-Menisco-1.png?resize=700%2C294&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Trapianto-di-Menisco-1.png?resize=953%2C400&amp;ssl=1 953w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Trapianto-di-Menisco-1.png?w=1400&amp;ssl=1 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/federicogiardina.com\/en\/knee-prosthetics\/\">THE KNEE REPLACEMENT<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If cartilage wear has already reached <strong>too advanced a state<\/strong>, the only solution with which to achieve long-term benefit is Knee Prosthesis. Knee Prosthesis involves the replacement of the bony joint heads of the femur and tibia. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Protesi-di-Ginocchio-3.png?fit=700%2C481&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1231\" width=\"525\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Protesi-di-Ginocchio-3.png?w=1314&amp;ssl=1 1314w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Protesi-di-Ginocchio-3.png?resize=300%2C206&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Protesi-di-Ginocchio-3.png?resize=1024%2C703&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Protesi-di-Ginocchio-3.png?resize=768%2C527&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Protesi-di-Ginocchio-3.png?resize=1200%2C824&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Protesi-di-Ginocchio-3.png?resize=700%2C481&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Protesi-di-Ginocchio-3.png?resize=583%2C400&amp;ssl=1 583w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/federicogiardina.com\/en\/infiltrative-therapies\/\"><strong>INFILTRATIVE THERAPIES<\/strong><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, a very important role in <strong>decreasing pain<\/strong> and <strong>recovering<\/strong> knee <strong>function<\/strong> is played by infiltrative therapies.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Injection-acid-hyaluronic.jpg?resize=546%2C307&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1212\" width=\"546\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Injection-acid-hyaluronic.jpg?w=546&amp;ssl=1 546w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/federicogiardina.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Injection-acid-hyaluronic.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 546px) 100vw, 546px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The knee is one of the strongest joints in the human body. anatomy of the knee This important joint is formed by the meeting of three bones: the femur, tibia, and patella. Surrounding the bony structures is a thin layer of cartilage that prevents friction and makes movement smooth. The knee has many ligaments that &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/federicogiardina.com\/en\/the-knee\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The Knee<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":177461713,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6475","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.6.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The knee is one of the strongest joints in the human body. anatomy of the knee This important joint is formed by the meeting of three bones: the femur, tibia, and patella. 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